Scanning electron microscopy of filiform papillae development in Korean native goats (Capra hircus) / 대한수의학회지

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological development of filiform papillae (FP) in Korean native goats by using scanning electron microscopy. Tongues were removed from goat fetuses (days 60, 90, and 120), neonates, and juveniles (days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 after birth). During the prenatal period, primordia of FP appeared at fetal day 60 and were observed to be developed at day 90. At fetal day 120, the FP were observed like flower leaves of a double flower bud. In neonates, FP were shaped like an obliquely sectioned cylinder with secondary papillae irregularly arranged in a saw blade-like manner. In 60-day-old juvenile goats, the FP were densely distributed at the inner base of 1/3–1/2 degrees. In 90-, 120-, and 150-day-old goats, FP were compacted at the inner base of 1/2–2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 degrees, respectively. In 180-day-old goats, FP were found to be completely compacted on the inner surface with complete morphogenesis. Microridges, microplicae, and micropits were well-developed on the epithelial surface of lingual papillae from embryonic day 120 to juvenile day 180. These results indicate that FP of goats have different shapes and sizes during development both before and after birth.

Detection of Anaplasma sp. in Korean Native Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) on Jeju Island, Korea

Anaplasma species are obligate intracellular pathogens that can cause tick-borne diseases in mammalian hosts. To date, very few studies of their occurrence in Korean native goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) have been reported. In the present study, we investigated Anaplasma infection of Korean native goats on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and performed phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results showed that Anaplasma infection was found mostly in adult female goats. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the 7 sequences identified in Korean native goats could belong to Anaplasma sp. and were distinct from A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis. The results indicated that the sequences identified to belong to Anaplasma were closely related to sequences isolated from goats in China and were clustered within the same group. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect Anaplasma sp. infection in Korean native goats.

Immunohistochemical study on cytokeratin expression on developing tongue in Korean native goats (Capra hircus) / 동물의과학연구지

Cytokeratin (CK) comprises the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Patterns of CK expression can be regarded as a specific marker for epithelial differentiation status. The aim of this study was to identify CK expression on tongues of Korean native goats ranging from 60-day-old fetuses to newborns during prenatal development using immunohistochemistry. The tongues of fetuses were removed from 2- to 4-year-old female Korean native goats by caesarean section performed under general anesthesia. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CK expression patterns on developing goat tongues using serial paraffin-embedded sections. Light zones signifying CK immunoreactivity in dorsal lingual epithelia were weakly positive in 60-day-old fetuses. In 90-day-old fetuses, deep areas in dorsal lingual epithelia were strongly positive for CK expression and superficial areas were moderately positive. In 120-day-old fetuses, light zones of lingual epithelia in the vallate papilla were strongly positive for CK expression, whereas ducts of von Ebner's glands were moderately positive. In neonates, taste buds were positive for CK expression, whereas non-taste epithelial cells and von Ebner's glands were negative. These findings indicate that goat tongues have different patterns of CK expression during development and provide a morphological basis for studies on the biological mechanism of epithelial differentiation.

A light microscopic study on tongue development in Korean native goats (Capra hircus) / 동물의과학연구지

The purpose of this study was to identify the composition and organization of lingual tissues underlying the histo-structural change of developing tongue in Korean native goats by light microscopy (LM). Tongues of the fetuses on days 60, 90, 120 and neonate were examined for the morphological development. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the tongue tissues were differentiated into epithelium, lamina propria and muscle layer. Primordia of filiform, conical, lentiform, fungiform and vallate papillae appeared and rudiments of taste bud were observed in the epithelia of the primordia of the gustatory papillae. The dorsal surface of the lingual epithelia showed a weak PAS positive reaction. Collagenous fibers and small blood vessels were shown in the connective tissues. In the 90-day-old fetuses, Von Ebner's glands were moderately PAS positive while the muscle fibers and connective tissue were strongly positive for PAS. The collagenous fibers increased and came to have a more complex arrangement in the tongue. The muscle fibers were spread out at various directions and developed in striated muscle bundles. In the 120-day-old fetuses, taste buds were observed in the epithelia of the gustatory papillae, and several well-developed tissues visible such as blood vessels, collagenous fibers, muscle fiber bundles and Von Ebner's glands. In the neonates, many taste buds were found in a transverse section of the vallate papilla. The muscle layers, Von Ebner's glands, collagenous fibers and blood vessels were more developed than those of the 120-day old fetuses. These findings indicate that goat tongues have a variety of different shapes during prenatal development.

Scanning electron microscopic structure of lentiform papillae on tongues of developing Korean native goats (Capra hircus) / 동물의과학연구지

The purpose of this study was to explore the morphological characteristics of developing lentiform papilla (LP) in Korean native goats by scanning electron microscopy (SAM). Tongues were removed from fetuses on days 90, 120, neonates, and juveniles on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. In prenatal development, the primordia of LP in 90-day-old fetuses were round and spotted on the inner most part of the torus linguae of the tongue. Primordia of LP in 120-day-old fetuses also had a lens-like shape. In neonates, LP displayed similar features as the adult one. In postnatal juveniles on days 30 and 60, LP continually increased in size without much difference in structure compared to that of neonates. By postnatal day 90, detached pieces of keratinized superficial epithelia were observed. Microridges and microplicae were well developed on the epithelial surface of LP in 60- to 120-day-old goats. The lengths of LP were 476~514 microm in neonates, 687~962 microm in the weaning period of 60-day-old goats, and 1,068~1,567 microm in the maturing period of 180-day-old goats. These findings indicate that goat LP has different sizes and shapes from those of other species during development.

Immunohistochemical localization of calcium binding proteins and some neurotransmitters in myenteric plexus of goat stomach

To understand the neurochemical properties of the gastric myenteric plexus of ruminants, the expression patterns of calbindin D-28k (CB), calretinin (CR), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were explored in the Korean native goat. In gastric myenteric plexus, CB and SP immunoreactivity were observed in round- or ovalshaped neurons. CR and CGRP immunoreactivity were detected only in the nerve fibers. This immunohistochemical localization of CB, CR, CGRP and SP in the myenteric plexus of the goat stomach exhibited species-specific patterns. These findings suggest that these substances may be directly or indirectly related to the gastric functions of the goat stomach.

Morphological Study of GFAP Immunoreactive Cells on Fetuses and Neonate Telencephalon of Korean Native Goat / 대한해부학회지

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) was one of the intermediate filament group and used as an astrocyte marker. The numerous studies about GFAP immunoreactive cell's distribution were investigated for fetus, neonate and aged brains. There are several reports about that GFAP immunoreactive cells were appeared at early fetus or after birth. In cases of mammalian fetus radial glia cells migrated toward pial surface at early stage and revealed GFAP immunoreactivity by the immunostain. But in cases of rodents, they migrated last gestation or after birth. This study, the GFAP immunoreactive cells' localizations and distribution in the fetuses (the 30th, 45th, 60th, 90th, 95th, 105th 120th of gestation) and neonate telencephalon of Korean native goat were investigated by immunohisto-chemistry (ABC method). The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings; 1. Multipolar astrocytes of 60 days of gestation were found cerebral cortex, in 95 days of gestation were found cerebral medulla, in 105 days of gestation were found lateral ventricle. 2. Radial glial cell presented 45 days of gestation and process of GFAP immunoreactive was to stretch out from ventricular to pia mater. And the nonpolar immunoreactive cells were transformed bipolar immunoreactive cells and they were transformed to monopolar and multipolar immunoreactive cell. 3. The number of GFAP immunoreactive cells of a field were gradually increased from 45 days of gestation till 90 days of gestation and decreased from 90 days of gestation till 105 days of gestation. But in 120 days of gestation and newborn were slightly increased. 4. Immunoreactivity of GFAP immunoreactive cells were gradually decreased from 95 days of gestation till 120 days of gestatioin. However, most pia mater areas and ventricles had high immunoreactivity and medulla part had low immunoreactivity. These results were suggested that radial glial cell of cerebral cortex and cerebral medulla were developed faster than lateral ventricle.

Morphological Study of GFAP Immunoreactive Cells on Fetuses and Neonate Mesencephalon of Korean Native Goat / 대한해부학회지

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) was one of the intermediate filament group and used as an astrocyte marker. The numerous studies about GFAP immunoreactive cell's distribution were investigated for fetus, neonate and aged brains. There are several reports about that GFAP immunoreactive cells were appeared at early fetus and after birth. In cases of mammalian fetus radial glia cells migrated toward pial surface at early stage and revealed GFAP immunoreactivity by the immunostain. But in cases of rodents, they migrated at late gestation or after birth. This study, the GFAP immunoreactive cells' localizations and distribution in the fetuses (the 30 th, 45 th, 60 th, 90 th, 105 th, 120 th of gestation) and neonate mesencephalon of korean native goat were investigated by immunohistoche-mistry (ABC method). The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings; 1. Multipolar astrocytes at 60 days of gestation were found in midbrain, in 90 days of gestation were found in cerebral aqueduct. 2. Radial glial cell presented 60 days of gestation and process of GFAP immunoreaction was to stretch out from ventricular to pia mater and nonpolar immunoreactive cell was transformed to bipolar, monopolar and multipolar immunoreactive cell. 3. The number of GFAP immunoreactive cells of field were gradually decreased from 90 days of gestation till 105 days of gestation. But in 120 days of gestation and newborn were slightly increased. 4. Immunoreactivity of GFAP immunoreactive cells were gradually decreased from 95 days of gestation till 120 days of gestatioin. These results were suggested that radial glial cell of midbrain developed very earlier than that of cerebral aqueduct. However, cerebral aqueduct developed lately than that of midbrain, but faster developing than other.

Double Immunohistochemical Studies on Distribution and Coexistence with Putative Neurotransmitters and Calretinin in Trigeminal Ganglion of Korean Native Goat / 대한해부학회지

The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological characteristics of trigeminal ganglion in Korean native goat (Capra hircus) by immunohistochemical methods. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL) and calretinin (CR) immunoreactivities by immunohistochemical method were observed in the neurons of trigeminal ganglion with populations of 43.75%, 26.01%, 4.98%, and 14.33%, respectively. In double immunohistochemical study, CGRP immunoreactivity was proven to be present in SP (93.93%) and GAL (100%) immunoreactive neurons. SP immunoreactivity was observed in CGRP (36.12%) and GAL (100%) immunore-active neurons. GAL immunoreactivity was colocalized with 8.14% of CGRP and 15.47% of SP immunoreactive neurons. However, CR immunoreactivity was not observed in CGRP, SP and GAL immunoreactive neurons. These findings exhibit that Korean native goat differs from other mammalian species in the distribution and localization of neurochemical substances in trigeminal ganglion, and suggest that these differences may be related with neuroanatomical characteristics.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Adenohypophyseal Gonadotropes in Korean Native Goat , Capra hircus / 대한해부학회지

The localizations and morphological characteristics of gonadotropes in the adenohypophy-sis of Korean native goat were investigated with double immunohistochemistry. The gonadotropes were present in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis, but not in the pars intermedta. Gonadotropes occupied about 49.0% of the cells in the pars distalis in females, and about 40.8% in males. Three types of gonadotropes ; FSH immunoreactive cells[FSH cells], LH immunoreac-tive cells[LH cells], and FSH and LH immunoreactive cells[FSH/LH cell], were identified according to their immunoreactivities for FSH and LH antisera. The possessional perce-ntages of FSH cells, LH cells and FSH/LH cells were 1.1%, 40.6%, 58.3% in females and 1.8%, 30.0%, 68.8% in males, respectively. FSH/LH cells were large and oval or round in shape. These cells were distributed throughout the pars distalis, but were more abundant on the dorsal part adjacent to the hypophyseal cavity and along the lateral and ventral peripheral regions. LH cells were smaller than other gonadotropes and were observed throughout the pars distalis, but predominant in the central region. FSH cells were large and oval in shape. These cells were intercalated between FSH/LH cells.